The Crusades Timeline

881 Epitome Ovetense Is Written
At the western edge of Europe and of Islamic expansion, the Reconquista in Spain was well underway by the eleventh century; it was intermittently ideological, as evidenced by the Epitome ...
1009 Church Of The Holy Sepulchre Is Destroyed
The idea that the crusades were a response to Islam dates back as far as twelfth-century historian William of Tyre, who began his chronicle with the fall of Jerusalem to Umar ibn al-Khatt...
1054 Eastern Orthodox And Roman Catholic Churches Are In A Schism
In the east of Europe was the Byzantine Empire, Christians who had long followed a separate Orthodox rite. Since 1054 the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches had been in schism, ...
1071 Byzantine Defeat At Manzikert
In the east of Europe was the Byzantine Empire, Christians who had long followed a separate Orthodox rite. Since 1054 the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches had been in schism, ...
1074 Battle Of Anatolia
In the east of Europe was the Byzantine Empire, Christians who had long followed a separate Orthodox rite. Since 1054 the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches had been in schism, ...
1095
to 1096
Attacks On The Jewish Communities In France And Germany
At a local level, the preaching of the First Crusade ignited violence against Jews, which some historians call "the first Holocaust". At the end of 1095 and beginning of 1096, months befo...
1095 First Crusade Is Launched
The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the primary goal of responding to the appeal from Byzantine Emperor Alexius I. The Emperor requested that western volunteers c...
1095 Mar The Council Of Piacenza Asks Pope Urban II For Aid Against The Turks
The Crusades had deeply-rooted causes in the social and political situation in 11th centruy Europe. However, the event which actually triggered the First Crusade was a request for assista...
1096 May Emicho Of Flonheim Attacks The Jews
At a local level, the preaching of the First Crusade ignited violence against Jews, which some historians call "the first Holocaust". At the end of 1095 and beginning of 1096, months befo...
1096 Aug Four Crusade Armies Leave Europe
The four main crusader armies left Europe around the appointed time in August 1096. They took different paths to Constantinople and gathered outside its city walls between November 1096 a...
1096 Aug 15 Feast Of The Assumption
The great French nobles and their trained armies of knights were not the first to undertake the journey towards Jerusalem. Urban had planned the departure of the crusade for 15 August 109...
1097 May 14
to 1097 Jun 19
 Siege Of Nicaea
The Siege of Nicaea took place from May 14 to June 19, 1097, during the First Crusade. Nicaea, located on the eastern shore of Lake Ascanius, had been captured from the Byzantine Empir...
1097 Jun 18 Turkish Garrison Surrenders
The crusader armies crossed over into Asia Minor throughout the first half of 1097, and were joined by Peter the Hermit and the remainder of his little army. Alexios also sent two of his ...
1097 Jul 1 Battle Of Dorylaeum
The Battle of Dorylaeum took place during the First Crusade on July 1, 1097, between the crusaders and the Seljuk Turks, near Dorylaeum in Anatolia. The crusaders had left Nicaea on Ju...
1097 Oct 20
to 1098 Jun 28
 Siege Of Antioch
The Siege of Antioch took place during the First Crusade in 1097 and 1098. The first siege, by the crusaders against the Muslim city, lasted from October 21, 1097, to June 2, 1098. The se...
1099 Jun 7
to 1099 Jul 15
 Siege Of Jerusalem
The Siege of Jerusalem took place from June 7 to July 15, 1099 during the First Crusade. The Crusaders stormed and captured the city from Fatimid Egypt. After the successful siege of A...
1099 Jul Knights And Peasants Capture Jerusalem
The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the primary goal of responding to the appeal from Byzantine Emperor Alexius I. The Emperor requested that western volunteers c...
1099 Jul 22 Establishment Of The Kingdom Of Jerusalem
The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 after the First Crusade. It lasted nearly two hundred years, from 1099 until 1291 when the last remainin...
1099 Aug 12 Battle Of Ascalon
The Battle of Ascalon took place on August 12, 1099, and is often considered the last action of the First Crusade. The crusaders had negotiated with the Fatimids of Egypt during their ...
1101 Crusade Of 1101
The Crusade of 1101 was a minor crusade of three separate movements, organized in 1100 and 1101 in the successful aftermath of the First Crusade. It is also called the Crusade of the Fain...
1107
to 1110
Norwegian Crusade
The Norwegian Crusade was a crusade that lasted from 1107 to 1110, in the aftermath of the First Crusade, by the lead of the Norwegian king Sigurd I. Sigurd was the first European king to...
1110 Siege Of Sidon
The Siege of Sidon was an event in the aftermath of the First Crusade. The coastal city of Sidon was captured by the forces of Baldwin I of Jerusalem and Sigurd I of Norway, with assistan...
1144 Nov 28
to 1144 Dec 24
 Siege Of Edessa
The Siege of Edessa took place from November 28 to December 24, 1144, resulting in the fall of the capital of the crusader County of Edessa to Zengi, the atabeg of Mosul and Aleppo. Th...
1145 Dec 1 Quantum Praedecessores Is Issued
Quantum praedecessores is a papal bull issued on December 1, 1145, by Pope Eugenius III, calling for a Second Crusade. It was the first papal bull issued with a crusade as its subject. ...
1147 Wendish Crusade
The Wendish Crusade (German: Wendenkreuzzug) was an 1147 campaign, one of the Northern Crusades and also a part of the Second Crusade, led primarily by the Kingdom of Germany inside the H...
1147 Jul 1 Siege Of Lisbon Begins
The Siege of Lisbon, from July 1 to October 25 of 1147, was the military action that brought the city of Lisbon under definitive Portuguese control and expelled its Moorish overlords. The...
1148 Jun 24 Council Of Acre
The Council of Acre met at Palmarea, near Acre, a major city of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, on 24 June 1148. The Haute Cour of Jerusalem met with recently-arrived crusaders from Eu...
1148 Jul 23
to 1148 Jul 28
 Siege Of Damascus
The Siege of Damascus took place over four days in July 1148, during the Second Crusade. It ended in a decisive crusader defeat and led to the disintegration of the crusade. The two main ...
1179 The Battle of Jacob's Ford
Jerusalem has been and is considered by many to be one of the holiest cities in the world. For this reason, Christians and Muslims fought for control of the Holy City over several centuri...
1187 Jul 4 Battle Of Hattin
The Battle of Hattin (also known as "The Horns of Hattin" because of a nearby extinct volcano of the same name) took place on Saturday, July 4, 1187, between the Crusader Kingdom of Jerus...
1187 Sep 20
to 1187 Oct 2
 Siege Of Jerusalem
The Siege of Jerusalem took place from September 20 to October 2, 1187. It resulted in the recapture of Jerusalem by Saladin and the near total collapse of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusal...
1189 Aug
to 1191 Jul
Siege Of Acre
The Siege of Acre was the first confrontation of the Third Crusade, lasting from August 28, 1189 until July 12, 1191, and the first time in the history that the King of Jerusalem was comp...
1191 Sep 7 Battle Of Arsuf
The Battle of Arsuf was a battle of the Third Crusade in which Richard I of England defeated Saladin at Arsuf. After capturing Acre in 1191, Richard fought many engagements with Saladi...
1202 Nov 10
to 1202 Nov 23
 Siege Of Zara
The Siege of Zara (Croatian - Zadar) (November 10-November 23, 1202) was the first major action of the Fourth Crusade. It was the first attack against a Catholic city by Catholic crusader...
1203 Siege Of Constantinople
The Siege of Constantinople (1203) was a Crusader siege of the capital of the Byzantine Empire. To take the city by force, the Crusaders first needed to cross the Bosphorus. About 200 ...
1204 Siege Of Constantinople
The Siege of Constantinople (1204) destroyed parts of the capital of the Byzantine Empire as it was captured by Crusaders. After the capture the Latin Empire was founded and Baldwin of Fl...
1209 Albigensian Crusade Begins
The Albigensian Crusade or Cathar Crusade (1209–1229) was a 20-year military campaign initiated by the Roman Catholic Church to eliminate the Cathar heresy in Languedoc. The Crusade was p...
1212 Children's Crusade
The Children's Crusade is the name given to a variety of fictional and factual events which happened in 1212 that combine some or all of these elements: visions by a French or German boy;...
1215 Pope Innocent III Summons The Fourth Lateran Council
The message of the crusade was preached in France by Robert of Courçon; however, unlike other Crusades, not many French knights joined, as they were already fighting the Albigensian Crusa...
1217 Fifth Crusade Begins
The Fifth Crusade (1217–1221) was an attempt to take back Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land by first conquering the powerful Ayyubid state in Egypt. Pope Honorius III organized c...
1217 Aug 23 Andrew And His Troops Embark Towards Cyprus
Andrew and his troops embarked on 23 August 1217, in Spalato. They landed on 9 October on Cyprus from where they sailed to Acre and joined John of Brienne, ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusal...
1218 Siege Of Damietta
The Siege of Damietta of 1218 was part of the Fifth Crusade. The city, under the control of the Ayyubid Al-Kamil, was besieged by the Crusaders, but the attacking force was repelled. T...
1228 The Sixth Crusade Begins
Emperor Frederick II had repeatedly vowed a crusade but failed to live up to his words, for which he was excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX in 1228. He nonetheless set sail from Brindisi, ...
1229 Feb 18 Frederick II Signs A Truce With Al-Kamil
In addition, Frederick received Nazareth, Sidon, Jaffa and Bethlehem. Other lordships may have been returned to Christian control, but sources disagree. It was, however, a treaty of compr...
1229 Mar 17 Frederick Enters Jerusalem
Frederick entered Jerusalem on 17 March 1229, and attended a crown-wearing ceremony the following day. It is unknown whether he intended this to be interpreted as his official coronation ...
1244 Oct 17 Battle Of La Forbie
The Battle of La Forbie, also known as the Battle of Harbiyah, was fought October 17, 1244 – October 18, 1244 between the allied armies (drawn from the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the crusading...
1248 The Seventh Crusades Begins
The Seventh Crusade was a crusade led by Louis IX of France from 1248 to 1254. Approximately 50,000 gold bezants (a sum equal to the entire annual revenue of France) was paid in ransom fo...
1251 The Shepherd's Crusade
The papal interests represented by the Templars brought on a conflict with Egypt in 1243, and in the following year a Khwarezmian force summoned by the latter stormed Jerusalem. The crusa...
1270 Eighth Crusade Is Launched
The Eighth Crusade was a crusade launched by Louis IX, King of France, in 1270. The Eighth Crusade is sometimes counted as the Seventh, if the Fifth and Sixth Crusades of Frederick II are...
1270 Aug 25 Louis IX Dies
These events led to Louis' call for a new crusade in 1267, although there was little support this time; Jean de Joinville, the chronicler who accompanied Louis on the Seventh Crusade, ref...